## Overview The term **House Committee** refers to the system of specialized committees within the U.S. House of Representatives, a core component of the legislative branch. These committees manage the vast legislative workload by dividing responsibilities among smaller, expert groups, enabling thorough review of proposed laws, oversight of government agencies, and investigation of pressing issues[1][3][5]. The committee system is essential for Congress to function efficiently, especially given the complexity and volume of modern legislation. ## Functions and Structure House Committees are responsible for considering bills, conducting oversight of federal agencies and programs, and investigating issues within their jurisdiction[5]. There are three main types: **standing committees** (permanent, focusing on broad policy areas like Appropriations, Ways and Means, and Judiciary), **select committees** (temporary, created for specific investigations or issues), and **joint committees** (comprising members from both the House and Senate)[1][3]. Most committees are further divided into subcommittees for more specialized work[1][6]. Currently, the House has 21 standing committees, with some—like Appropriations—handling enormous budgets and thus requiring exclusive focus from their members[6]. ## Historical Development The committee system in Congress dates back to the first Congress in 1789, though the Constitution does not explicitly mention committees[7]. Initially, both the House and Senate relied on temporary select committees. Over time, as the federal government grew in size and complexity, the number and specialization of committees expanded. Major reforms in 1946 and 1970 streamlined the system, reducing the number of committees but increasing their professional staff and resources[3][4]. Today, committees are central to the legislative process, shaping the details of most bills before they reach the full House floor[2]. ## Key Achievements and Notable Aspects Committees have been instrumental in landmark legislation, from tax reform to healthcare, by providing expert review and public hearings. They also play a critical oversight role